Statistics

Last Updated: Jan 2026

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation.

  • Helps in understanding patterns in data
  • Used in ML/DL for datasets, predictions, and decision making

🗣 Hinglish Tip: Statistics = "Numbers aur data ko samajhna aur uska analysis karna."

Types of Data

  1. Quantitative (Numerical) → Numbers you can measure
    • Example: Age, Height, Weight, Score
    • Two types:
      • Discrete → Countable numbers (0,1,2…)
      • Continuous → Any value in range
  2. Qualitative (Categorical) → Labels or names
    • Based on 5 Senses
    • Non numerical data
    • Example: Color of cars, Gender, City name

Collecting Data

  • Survey → Ask questions to a group
  • Observation → Note things happening naturally
  • Experiment → Controlled conditions

Organizing Data

  • Use tables and frequency charts to summarize data
  • Example: Number of students in different classes
ClassNumber of Students
630
725
835

Types of Statistics

  1. Descriptive Statistics → Summarize data
    • Measure central tendency (mean, median, mode)
    • Measure spread (range, variance, standard deviation)
    • Measure of shape (skewness, kurtosis)
    • Measure of Position (quartiles, percentiles)
  2. Inferential Statistics → Use data to draw conclusions
    • Population vs Sample
    • Sampling Techniques
    • Central Limit Theorem
    • Estimation
    • Hypothesis Testing
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