Basic operations

Last Updated: 06-Sep-2025

There are some basic operations are used everywhere in real life:

Addition (+) → Joining things together
Subtraction (-) → Taking away
Multiplication (x) → Repeated addition
Division (÷) → Splitting into equal parts
Remainder → Something that is left
Percentage (%) → Percentage of something

✏ Examples

1. Addition (+)

Ravi has 3 mangoes, his friend gives 2 more.
Total = 3 + 2 = 5.

2. Subtraction (-)

A pen costs ₹10. You gave ₹15.
Balance you get back = 15 - 10 = 5.

3. Multiplication (x)

One chocolate costs ₹5.
You buy 4 chocolates.
Total cost = 5 x 4 = 20.

4. Division (÷)

You have 12 apples.
You want to share equally among 4 friends.
Each gets 12 ÷ 4 = 3.

5. Remainder

If you divide something equally but something is left → that is called remainder.
If nothing is left it means answer is 0.
Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient) + Remainder
example. 7 ÷ 3 = 2, here Divisor = 3,Quotient = 2, Remainder = 1, Dividend = 7.

Order of Operations

When many operations together, we must follow a fixed order. Otherwise, answers will be different and confusing.

Example:
2 + 3 x 4

If we do addition first → (2+3)x4 = 20 ✘
If we do multiplication first → 2+(3x4) = 14 $\checkmark$

That's why we follow BODMAS rule.

✏ BODMAS Rule

BODMAS = Brackets → Orders → Division → Multiplication → Addition → Subtraction

Step-by-step:

B → Brackets ( ) [ ]
O → Orders (powers, squares, roots)
D → Division (÷)
M → Multiplication (x)
A → Addition (+)
S → Subtraction (-)

💡 Example

You have ₹100. You buy 3 pens (₹10 each) and 2 books (₹20 each).
Expression: 100 - (3x10 + 2x20)
Inside bracket first → (30 + 40) = 70
Then subtraction → 100 - 70 = 30
Final Answer = ₹30 left

6. Percentage (%)

Percentage are used to calculate the amount of something.
Percentage = (Total x Percentage) ÷ 100
Example :- How much is 20% of 100?
- (100 x 20) ÷ 100 = 20

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