Basic operations
Last Updated: 06-Sep-2025
There are some basic operations are used everywhere in real life:
- Addition (+) → Joining things together
- Subtraction (−) → Taking away
- Multiplication (×) → Repeated addition
- Division (÷) → Splitting into equal parts
- Remainder → Something that is left
- Percentage (%) → Percentage of something
✏ Examples
1. Addition (+)
- Ravi has 3 mangoes, his friend gives 2 more.
- Total =
3 + 2 = 5.
2. Subtraction (−)
- A pen costs ₹10. You gave ₹15.
- Balance you get back =
15 − 10 = 5.
3. Multiplication (×)
- One chocolate costs ₹5.
- You buy 4 chocolates.
- Total cost =
5 × 4 = 20.
4. Division (÷)
- You have 12 apples.
- You want to share equally among 4 friends.
- Each gets
12 ÷ 4 = 3.
5. Remainder
- If you divide something equally but something is left → that is called remainder.
- If nothing is left it means answer is 0.
- Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder
- example. 7 ÷ 3 = 2, here Divisor = 3,Quotient = 2, Remainder = 1, Dividend = 7.
Order of Operations
When many operations together, we must follow a fixed order. Otherwise, answers will be different and confusing.
Example:
2 + 3 × 4
- If we do addition first → (2+3)×4 = 20 ❌
- If we do multiplication first → 2+(3×4) = 14 ✅
That’s why we follow BODMAS rule.
✏ BODMAS Rule
BODMAS = Brackets → Orders → Division → Multiplication → Addition → Subtraction
Step-by-step:
- B → Brackets ( ) [ ]
- O → Orders (powers, squares, roots)
- D → Division (÷)
- M → Multiplication (×)
- A → Addition (+)
- S → Subtraction (−)
💡 Example
- You have ₹100. You buy 3 pens (₹10 each) and 2 books (₹20 each).
- Expression:
100 − (3×10 + 2×20) - Inside bracket first → (30 + 40) = 70
- Then subtraction → 100 − 70 = 30
- Final Answer = ₹30 left
6. Percentage (%)
- Percentage are used to calculate the amount of something.
- Percentage = (Total × Percentage) ÷ 100
- Example :- How much is 20% of 100?
- (100 × 20) ÷ 100 = 20