🧮 math Module

Last Updated: 17th August 2025

The math module provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C standard. It is very useful for Data Science students when doing calculations, statistics, ML algorithms, and data preprocessing.

Hinglish Tip 🗣:math module ka use mainly scientific calculations aur probability/statistics mein hota hai.Data Science mein kaafi jagah (log-transform, normalization, probability functions) ye direct kaam aata hai.

Import Math Module

import math

List of Math Functions:

pow(base, exponent): Returns the value of base raised to the power of exponent.

import math
print(math.pow(2, 3))  # 8.0

sqrt(x): Returns the square root of x.

import math
print(math.sqrt(25))  # 5.0

ceil(x): Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

import math
print(math.ceil(2.7))  # 3

floor(x): Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x.

import math
print(math.floor(2.7))  # 2

fabs(x): Returns the absolute value of x.

import math
print(math.fabs(-2.7))  # 2.7

factorial(x): Returns the factorial of x.

import math
print(math.factorial(5))  # 120

gcd(x, y): Returns the greatest common divisor of x and y.

import math
print(math.gcd(12, 18))  # 6

lcm(x, y): Returns the least common multiple of x and y.

import math
print(math.lcm(12, 18))  # 36

fmod(x, y): Returns the remainder of x divided by y.

import math
print(math.fmod(10, 3))  # 1.0

pi: Returns the value of pi.

import math
print(math.pi)  # 3.141592653589793

e: Returns the value of e.

import math
print(math.e)  # 2.718281828459045

. log(x): Returns the natural logarithm of x.

import math
print(math.log(10))  # 2.302585092994046

log10(x): Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.

import math
print(math.log10(100))  # 2.0

exp(x): Returns the exponential of x.

import math
print(math.exp(2))  # 7.389056098930656

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