Introduction to Programming Languages

Last Updated : 8th August 2025

Programming means creating a set of instructions that a computer can follow to do specific tasks.

Hinglish Tip 🗣: Jaisa hum humans apni bhasha mein baat karke samjhate hain, waise hi computer ko instructions dena hota hai — but in a language, it understands (mostly 0s and 1s). That’s where programming languages come in.

💻 Types of Programming Languages

We can divide Programming languages into 4 parts

1. Machine Language (Binary Language)

  • Machine ka original language — sirf 0s and 1s hoti hai.
  • Computer directly samajhta hai.
  • Fastest execution, but human ke liye read/write karna impossible hota hai.
  • Hardware specific (machine-dependent).
  • e.g 0010 (it is 2, written machine language )

2. Assembly Language

  • Readable, but still close to hardware
  • Uses mnemonics like MOV, ADD, SUB.
  • Requires assembler to convert it into machine code.
  • Zyada control deta hai hardware par.
  • Hardware-dependent.
  • e.g MOV A, 5

3. Low Level Language

  • Human-readable syntax and close to hardware
  • Require compiler/interpreter to convert it into machine code
  • e.g code printf("Hello, World!")

4. High Level Language

  • Human-friendly syntax
  • Hardware-independent (portable).
  • Requires compiler/interpreter to convert it into machine code.
  • e.g code print("Hello, World!")

⚙️ Compiler and Interpreter

Use to convert Programming languages into machine code. Why need 🤔?

Hinglish Tip 🗣: Jo machine hai vo sirf 0 aur 1 samajhta hai aur hum code ko human language me likh rhe hai, ishliye compiler or interpreter ka use hota hai.

1. Compiler

  • Poora program ek saath translate karta hai.
  • Fast execution after compilation.
  • Errors sab ek saath batata hai.
  • Used in: C, C++, Java etc.

2. Interpreter

  • Code ko line by line execute karta hai. -Slow hota hai compared to compiler.
  • Error jahan aata hai wahi par stop karke batata hai.
  • Used in: Python, JavaScript etc.

Source Code and Object Code

  • Source Code: Code jo programmer likhta hai.
  • Object Code: Code jo machine samajh sakta hai (after convert).
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