Introduction to Programming Languages

Last Updated : 8th August 2025

Programming means creating a set of instructions that a computer can follow to do specific tasks.

Hinglish Tip 🗣: Jaisa hum humans apni bhasha mein baat karke samjhate hain, waise hi computer ko instructions dena hota hai — but in a language, it understands (mostly 0s and 1s). That’s where programming languages come in.

💻 Types of Programming Languages

We can divide Programming languages into 4 parts

1. Machine Language (Binary Language)

  • Machine ka original language — sirf 0s and 1s hoti hai.
  • Computer directly samajhta hai.
  • Fastest execution, but human ke liye read/write karna impossible hota hai.
  • Hardware specific (machine-dependent).
  • e.g 0010 (it is 2, written machine language )

2. Assembly Language

  • Readable, but still close to hardware
  • Uses mnemonics like MOV, ADD, SUB.
  • Requires assembler to convert it into machine code.
  • Zyada control deta hai hardware par.
  • Hardware-dependent.
  • e.g MOV A, 5

3. Low Level Language

  • Human-readable syntax and close to hardware
  • Require compiler/interpreter to convert it into machine code
  • e.g code printf("Hello, World!")

4. High Level Language

  • Human-friendly syntax
  • Hardware-independent (portable).
  • Requires compiler/interpreter to convert it into machine code.
  • e.g code print("Hello, World!")

⚙️ Compiler and Interpreter

Use to convert Programming languages into machine code. Why need 🤔?

Hinglish Tip 🗣: Jo machine hai vo sirf 0 aur 1 samajhta hai aur hum code ko human language me likh rhe hai, ishliye compiler or interpreter ka use hota hai.

1. Compiler

  • Poora program ek saath translate karta hai.
  • Fast execution after compilation.
  • Errors sab ek saath batata hai.
  • Used in: C, C++, Java etc.

2. Interpreter

  • Code ko line by line execute karta hai. -Slow hota hai compared to compiler.
  • Error jahan aata hai wahi par stop karke batata hai.
  • Used in: Python, JavaScript etc.

Source Code and Object Code

  • Source Code: Code jo programmer likhta hai.
  • Object Code: Code jo machine samajh sakta hai (after convert).

Know Name of Keyboard Symbols

(0-9) Number

(a-z) Alphabet

(A-Z) Alphabet

Special Character With Name:

~    Tilde

`    Backtick

!    Exclamation mark

@    At

#    hash, pound, tag

$    Dollar

%    Percentage, Modules

^    Caret, Power , Exponent

&    Ampersand, And

*    Star, Multiply,Asterisk

(    Open Parenthesis, Left Parenthesis, Opening Small Bracket

)    Close Parenthesis, Right Parenthesis, Closing Small Bracket

_    Underscore, Subscript

-    Hyphen, Subtraction

+    Plus, Addition

=    Equals, Assignment

{    Open brace, Left brace, Opening Curly bracket

}    Close brace, Right brace, Closing Curly bracket

[    Opening Square bracket, Opening Big bracket

]    Closing Square bracket, Closing Big bracket

/    Forward slash, Division

\   Backslash

|    Pipe, Vertical bar

"    Double quote, Quotation mark

'    Single quote

:    Colon

;    Semicolon

,    Comma

.    Dot, Point

<    Less than, Left arrow, Open angle bracket

>    Greater than, Right arrow, Close angle bracket

?    Question mark


Note:  Each sign have ASCII value. It is also called character code.Which is between 0-255.

ASCII stand for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

Some Comma ASCII Values:

0-9: 48-57

A-Z: 65-90

a-z: 97-122
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