Logical Operators

Last Updated: 16th August 2025

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements (expressions that return True/False).
They allow us to make complex decisions in code.

Hinglish Tip 🗣: Logical operators ko use karke aap multiple conditions ek saath check kar sakte ho.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
and	Returns True if both conditions are True	(5 > 2) and (10 > 5)	True
or	Returns True if at least one condition is True	(5 < 2) or (10 > 5)	True
not	Reverses the result (True → False, False → True)	not(5 == 5)	False

✏ Syntax & Examples

a = 10
b = 20

print(a > 5 and b > 15)   # True (both are True)
print(a > 5 or b < 10)    # True (one condition is True)
print(not(a == 10))       # False (a == 10 is True, so not → False)

⚠️ Quick Notes

and → True only if both sides are True.
or → True if any one side is True.
not → flips the result (True ↔ False).
Python uses short-circuit evaluation:
- and stops if first condition is False.
- or stops if first condition is True.
  
  Hinglish Tip 🗣: Short-circuit matlab Python unnecessary conditions check nahi karega agar pehle hi answer mil gaya.

and with Truthy/Falsy Values:

Expression	Result	Explanation
True and True	True	Both True → returns last (True)
1 and 2	2	Both truthy → returns last (2)
2 and 3 and 4	4	All truthy → returns last
0 and 5	0	0 is falsy → returned immediately
'' and 'Python'	''	Empty string is falsy
5 and 0 and 1	0	Stops at 0 (first falsy)

💡 Quick Practice

Write a condition: Check if a number n is between 10 and 20 using and.
Use or to check if a number is negative or zero.
Use not to invert the result of (5 > 10).
Try (True and False) or True. Predict the result.
Exercises

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