🧾 SQL Commands

Last Updated: 05 Jan 2026

SQL commands are instructions we give to the database to:

  • Create things
  • Read data
  • Modify data
  • Control access

🗣 Hinglish Tip: Jaise boss office me kaam batata hai, waise hi SQL database ko kaam batata hai.

Types of SQL Commands

DQL – Data Query Language (Most Used)

Used to read data from database.

DQL command:

  • SELECT
SELECT * FROM students;

🗣 Hinglish Tip: DQL = database se data poochhna

DML – Data Manipulation Language

Used to change data inside table.

DML commands:

  • INSERT
  • UPDATE
  • DELETE
INSERT INTO students VALUES (...);

🗣 Hinglish Tip: DML = table ke andar ka data badalna

DDL – Data Definition Language

Used to define or change structure of database objects.

DDL commands:

  • CREATE
  • DROP
  • TRUNCATE
  • ALTER
CREATE TABLE students (...);

🗣 Hinglish Tip: DDL = database ka structure banana ya todna

TCL – Transaction Control Language

Used to manage transactions.

TCL commands:

  • COMMIT
  • ROLLBACK
  • SAVEPOINT
ROLLBACK;

🗣 Hinglish Tip: TCL = galti ho jaaye to peeche jaana ya confirm karna

DCL – Data Control Language

Used to control permissions & security.

DCL commands:

  • GRANT
  • REVOKE
GRANT SELECT ON students TO user;

🗣 Hinglish Tip: DCL = kisko data dekhne ya use karne ka right milega

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