🧩 Bitwise Operators

Last Updated: 11th October 2025

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Bitwise operators work on numbers at the binary (bit) level.
They treat numbers as a sequence of bits (0s and 1s).

Hinglish Tip 🗣: Ye operator number ke “bits” (0 aur 1) ke sath kaam karte hain — jaise computer ke level par math hoti hai.

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🗂 List of Bitwise Operators

Operator	Name	Description	Example	Result
&	AND	Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1	5 & 1	1
|	OR	Sets each bit to 1 if any bit is 1	5 | 1	5
^	XOR	Sets each bit to 1 if bits are different	5 ^ 1	4
~	NOT	Inverts all bits (1 → 0, 0 → 1)	~5	-6
<<	Left Shift	Shifts bits left (multiply by 2)	5 << 1	10
>>	Right Shift	Shifts bits right (divide by 2)	5 >> 1	2

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✏ Mini Example

let a = 5; // binary: 0101
let b = 1; // binary: 0001

console.log(a & b); // 1  → (0101 & 0001)
console.log(a | b); // 5  → (0101 | 0001)
console.log(a ^ b); // 4  → (0101 ^ 0001)
console.log(~a); // -6 → (bitwise NOT)
console.log(a << 1); // 10 → (0101 → 1010)
console.log(a >> 1); // 2  → (0101 → 0010)

Hinglish Tip 🗣: Left shift (<<) number ko 2 se multiply karta hai, Right shift (>>) number ko 2 se divide karta hai (integer result).

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🧮 Binary Visualization

Operation	Binary Form	Result
5 & 1	0101 & 0001	0001 (1)
5 | 1	0101 | 0001	0101 (5)
5 ^ 1	0101 ^ 0001	0100 (4)

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⚙️ Bitwise with Compound Operators

let x = 5;
x &= 3; // x = x & 3
console.log(x); // 1

x |= 2; // x = x | 2
console.log(x); // 3

x ^= 1; // x = x ^ 1
console.log(x); // 2

x <<= 1; // x = x << 1
console.log(x); // 4

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💡 Quick Practice

1. Find a & b, a | b, and a ^ b for a = 12, b = 5.
2. Check what happens for ~7.
3. Multiply 6 by 2 using <<.
4. Divide 12 by 2 using >>.
5. Try bitwise compound: let x = 8; x >>= 2; console.log(x);

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